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Instruments and meters refer to instruments or equipment used to detect, measure, observe and calculate various physical quantities, material compositions, physical property parameters, etc. Vacuum leak detector, pressure gauge, length measuring instrument, microscope, multiplier, etc., are all instruments. Broadly speaking, instruments can also have automatic control, alarm, signal transmission and data processing functions.

To improve, expand, or complement one's faculties. People use sensory organs to see, hear, taste and touch external things, and microscopes, telescopes, sound level meters, acidity meters, pyrometers and other instruments can improve and expand these faculties. In addition, some instruments such as magnetometers, ray counters and other physical quantities can be felt. There are also instruments that exceed human ability to record, calculate and count, such as high-speed cameras, computers and so on.

Brief history

Instrumentation has a long history of development. According to Han Feizi Youdu, China had a guide instrument made of natural magnets in the Warring States period, called Sinan. In a long historical period, ancient instruments were mostly simple instruments used for orientation, timekeeping or for weights and measures. From the 17th to the 18th century, some physicists in Europe began to use the principle of current and magnetic field to make a simple galvanometer, and the use of optical lenses to make telescopes laid the foundation of electrical and optical instruments, and various instruments for measurement and observation were gradually developed. From the 19th century to the 20th century, the industrial revolution and modern large-scale production promoted the development of new disciplines and new technologies, and later electronic computers and space technology, etc., and instruments also developed rapidly. Modern instrumentation has become an indispensable technical tool for measurement, control and automation.

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Instrumentation is a comprehensive product of a variety of science and technology, a wide variety of varieties, widely used, and constantly updated, there are a variety of classification methods. According to the purpose and use, the main measuring instrument, automobile instrument, tractor instrument, Marine instrument, aviation instrument, navigation instrument, driving instrument, radio testing instrument, building materials testing instrument, seismic testing instrument, geodetic mapping instrument, hydrological instrument, timing instrument, agricultural testing instrument, commercial testing instrument, teaching instrument, medical instrument, environmental protection instrument and so on. The instruments and meters belonging to the machinery industry products include industrial automation instruments, electrical instruments and meters, optical instruments, analytical instruments, laboratory instruments and devices, material testing machines, meteorological and Marine instruments, film machinery, photographic machinery, photocopying and microform machinery, instrument components, instrument and meter materials, instrument and meter process equipment and other 13 categories. They are versatile, large batch, or the necessary basis for the instrumentation industry.